Astronomy Notes / Sun / Core / Photosphere /Chromosphere / Nuclear Fusion / Orion arm / Solar Winds / Plages / Sunspots / Solar Dynamics Observatory

 Astronomy Notes / Sun / Core / Photosphere /Chromosphere / Nuclear Fusion / Orion arm / Solar Winds / Plages / Sunspots / Solar Dynamics Observatory



 Astronomy Notes / Sun / Core / Photosphere /Chromosphere / Nuclear Fusion / Orion arm / Solar Winds / Plages / Sunspots / Solar Dynamics Observatory


SUN

·         The largest body of the solar system is the Sun

·         The centre of the solar system

·         This view was first put forward by Copernicus

·         4 parts of Sun – Core, Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona

·         The Core

*      Very High Temperature and Pressure

*   Temperature is roughly 15 million C

*      Nuclear fusion occurs, turning four hydrogen nuclei into a single helium nucleus plus a lot of energy

·         The Photosphere

*      The lower atmosphere of the sun

*      The part that we see

*      Layer is about 300 miles(500km) thick

*   The temperature is about 5500 C

·         The Chromosphere

*      Reddish layer is an area of rising temperatures.

*   The temperature ranges from 6000Cto 50000C

*      It appears red because hydrogen atoms are in an excite state and emit radiation near the red part of the visible spectrum

*      The Chromosphere is visible during solar eclipses

·         The sun is made up of hydrogen (71%) helium (26.5%) and carbon (2.5%). Hydrogen is being converted to helium in the sun. This process is called Nuclear fusion

·         Sun has the energy for 500 crore years of burning. After this, it will contract with Gravitational force and will become a red giant. And it will continue at this state for, 100 crore years and then become a planetary nebula. After 35000 years it will evolve as a white giant. It then slowly releases energy from its outer layer and cools. It then becomes an invisible black dwarf

·         The distance between the Sun and Earth is shortest on 3rd January

·         The region in the milky way where sun is situated – Orion Arm

·         Solar winds

*      A less spectacular but persistent streams of portions blowing out of the corona and sweeping over the whole Solar system

*      Made up of Plasma, ie, ionized gas mostly hydrogen and helium

·         The surface of the sun changes continuously. The Bright spots is called Plages

·         Sunspots

*   Sunspot appear dark because they are cooler by about 1500C than the surface of the sun which has a temperature of about 6000C.

*      The life periods of these spots are vary

*      They may last a few hours to many weeks

*      Show strong magnetic fields and reach a maximum every eleven years

*      Affect global atmosphere and climate and interrupt radio communications

·         Solar Dynamics Observatory

*      NASA launched the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) on February 11, 2010 to observe sun and to study the suns influence on Earth

*      Aditya : India’s satellite to study the sun

 Astronomy Notes / Sun / Core / Photosphere /Chromosphere / Nuclear Fusion / Orion arm / Solar Winds / Plages / Sunspots / Solar Dynamics Observatory

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